so the DH/MHRA have no plans to meet with other the other activists
April 5 2009 at 12:37 PM looks like a stitch up
http://www.network54.com/Forum/281849/message/1238931442/so+the+DH-MHRA+have+no+plans+to+meet+with+other+the+other+activists
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: Thyer, Anne Date: 19/06/2008 11:41:53 To: jeremybryce1953@btinternet.com Subject: Request for information about the Seroxat User Group
Dear Mr Bryce
MHRA reference: FOI08/216
Your request of 19 June to the Department of Health has been passed to the MHRA for reply. I understand that you have previously contacted the MHRA (FOI08/196) on several of the requests contained in your mail to the DH. I am covering these in this reply for completeness. Addressing each of your requests for information in turn:
(a) How many persons are members of the Seroxat User Group?
The DH/MHRA does not hold that information
(b) [request for] a copy of the articles of association (or other like meaning documents) for the Online Seroxat Support Group.
The DH/MHRA does not hold that information
(c) Has the Dept of Health any plans to meet with other activists & victims of Drugs.....
The DH/MHRA has no meetings planned with, in your words, "other activists and victims of drugs". Any requests for meetings are considered on a case by case basis and in line with any other request to meet with a Minister; for example a request from a Member of Parliament that a Minister should meet with his/her constituents.
(d) of the 128 e-mails produced by Janice Simmons how many of them were verified by the Dept of Health
None - the DH/MHRA saw no reason to undertake any verification.
(e) [request for] exact copies of the e-mails together with source information including isp numbers
The mails held by the MHRA do not contain any ISP information. Section 12 of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) provides that public authorities are not required to comply with requests that they judge to constitute an excessive use of their resources. We consider that this provision applies in this instance. To meet your request it would be necessary to consider each of these mails to identify material that may be exempted from disclosure under the FOIA. The resource required to do this work exceeds the relevant limit in the FOIA of £600, calculated at £25 per hour. I do not consider, in this case, that there is a public interest in undertaking this work and we are therefore unable to supply the further information you have requested. If you are unhappy with that decision, you may ask for it to be reviewed. That review will be undertaken by a senior member of the MHRA who has not previously been involved in your request. If you wish to pursue that option please let me know. After that, if you remain dissatisfied, you may ask the Information Commissioner at:
The Information Commissioner's Office
Wycliffe House
Water Lane
Wilmslow
Cheshire
SK9 5AF
to make a decision on whether or not the FOIA has been correctly interpreted by the MHRA.
Yours sincerely
Anne Thyer
Anne Thyer
Policy Division
MHRA
Seroxat is also known as Paxil and Aropax. Blog exposes Bob Fiddaman Human rights abuser who won two SCIENTOLOGY CCHR (human rights!) awards.
blogs created to prevent or detect a crime http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1997/ukpga_19970040_en_1
This blog is brougt to you consistent with subsection 3 of the Protection from Harassment Act - i.e. blogs created to prevent or detect a crime http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1997/ukpga_19970040_en_1
Sunday, 5 April 2009
Saturday, 4 April 2009
So while Mark Harvey said people cant get off the drug - his client was off the drug !!
BBC NEWS | Health | Patients may sue over anti-depressant: "Mark Harvey, solicitor for the action group representing Seroxat patients, said more and more people are coming forward, claiming they cannot come off the drug.
He told the BBC: 'A lot of the people accepted this drug because they were assured that it was not addictive.
'And yet quite clearly the stories that are coming through to us on a daily basis show that not only themselves, but also their doctors have clearly been fooled - that it is addictive, they cannot get off this drug.'"
He told the BBC: 'A lot of the people accepted this drug because they were assured that it was not addictive.
'And yet quite clearly the stories that are coming through to us on a daily basis show that not only themselves, but also their doctors have clearly been fooled - that it is addictive, they cannot get off this drug.'"
Friday, 3 April 2009
Janice Simmons says Charles Medawar is a professor - news to you Charles
BBC NEWS | Programmes | Panorama | Tranquillisers | Your stories about tranquilliser dependency: "Do you know that there are 100's of people taking antidepressants who cannot get off of them. I know someone who has been on them for 11 years and nobody knows how to get him off of them. He was not reviewed by the GP regularly either just given repeat prescriptions. There is a professor called Charles Medawar who is campaigning about this problem. There are 100's of people on the internet all complaining of bad side effects and withdrawal symptoms.
Janice Simmons
Huntingdon, Cambs"
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/panorama/tranquillisers/1330247.stm
Janice Simmons
Huntingdon, Cambs"
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/panorama/tranquillisers/1330247.stm
(archive) Maverick Marketing Solutons Ltd - again liar Simmons claims to run a charity
Maverick Marketing Solutons Ltd: "After just the first consultation, Andrew provided us with numerous brilliant ideas on how to promote and raise the profile of our organisation.
We are extremely pleased with Andrew's very unique and creative work and would definitely recommend him.
Janice Simmons, Director
Seroxat User Group Charity"
We are extremely pleased with Andrew's very unique and creative work and would definitely recommend him.
Janice Simmons, Director
Seroxat User Group Charity"
Seroxat User Group - liar Janice Simmons claiming the Seroxat User Group is a charity !

Seroxat User Group: "Janice Simmons - Charity Co-Ordinator
'I am the wife of a long term Seroxat user, and therefore I'm particularly interested in those of you who have partners, family and friends that need help in understanding the problems of taking Seroxat. I know how much it can affect all members of a family, as well as the user.'
Email: janice@seroxatusergroup.org.uk
Andrew Isaac - Charity Co-Ordinator
'I took Seroxat for approximately four years and despite a protracted withdrawal, I have now successfully withdrawn from the drug. I am 30 years old and am studying medicine.'
Email: andrew@seroxatusergroup.org.uk"
Antidepressants are only dangerous on dose titration - which means (according to Janice) they are safe at other times
"The most dangerous time for people taking anti-depressants is when you first go on them, when the dose is raised and when you try to come off them.
http://www.huntspost.co.uk/content/hunts/news/story.aspx?brand=HPTOnline&category=News&tBrand=cambs24&tCategory=NewsHPT&itemid=WEED07%20Feb%202007%2011%3A20%3A56%3A610
http://www.huntspost.co.uk/content/hunts/news/story.aspx?brand=HPTOnline&category=News&tBrand=cambs24&tCategory=NewsHPT&itemid=WEED07%20Feb%202007%2011%3A20%3A56%3A610
07 February 2007 Janice informs us John is on Lustral for last 6 years - so obviously John got off the Seroxat !!
John, 56, a lorry driver, took Seroxat for 10 years and has been on another anti-depressant, Lustral for the past six years.
http://www.huntspost.co.uk/content/hunts/news/story.aspx?brand=HPTOnline&category=News&tBrand=cambs24&tCategory=NewsHPT&itemid=WEED07%20Feb%202007%2011%3A20%3A56%3A610
http://www.huntspost.co.uk/content/hunts/news/story.aspx?brand=HPTOnline&category=News&tBrand=cambs24&tCategory=NewsHPT&itemid=WEED07%20Feb%202007%2011%3A20%3A56%3A610
John Simmons first took Seroxat 12 years ago - states BBC Thursday, 13 June, 2002,

BBC NEWS | Health | Patients may sue over anti-depressant: "John Simmons started taking Seroxat to treat his depression 12 years ago.
He hoped the drug would help him, but he claims that instead he has suffered side effects from a drug that he is now unable to give up.
'You have got things buzzing through your mind, splitting headaches, you just cannot sit still - it is a nightmare.'"
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2041430.stm
Seroxat probe sparks web hits - (note the word "hits" does not mean this liar was contacted by anyone)

The 57-year-old grandmother set up her group after her second husband John Having was told by doctors he was addicted to anti-depressants and would have to take them for life as the withdrawal symptoms are so severe. John, 56, a lorry driver, took Seroxat for 10 years and has been on another anti-depressant, Lustral for the past six years.
In the Panorama programme, Seroxat manufacturer GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) was accused of withholding data about the drug and increased risks of suicide and suicidal thoughts in children.
GSK denied withholding any information and said it was only when all of its research data was analysed together that the increased suicidal thoughts were revealed. It also points out that Seroxat was never licensed for children in the UK. However, UK doctors did prescribe the drug.
Following the documentary, Mrs Simmons is now calling for an independent investigation into GSK and compensation for people addicted to Seroxat.
Mrs Simmons began her Seroxat Users Group in 2002 and has a large collection case histories of Seroxat users - including another hundred told to her last week after Panorama went out.
One similar experience highlighted by the BBC was the suicide of an 18-year-old woman from Brighton who hanged herself three years ago after being prescribed Seroxat for menstrual problems.
An empty packet of the drug was found nearby.
Mrs Simmons told The Hunts Post: "This documentary is the recognition of a problem I have been fighting for over the past four years.
"The most dangerous time for people taking anti-depressants is when you first go on them, when the dose is raised and when you try to come off them.
"We need to get the word out that these drugs can be dangerous for adults, too. Medicine is applied too generally and people react differently to it.
"We want people to write to their GPs asking for action. People have lost their lives, their families, their jobs. So many people have lost so much because of a little tablet."
INFORMATION: The Seroxat User Group's website, which includes advice for coming off anti-depressants, can be found at www.seroxatusergroup.org.uk
http://www.huntspost.co.uk/content/hunts/news/story.aspx?brand=HPTOnline&category=News&tBrand=cambs24&tCategory=NewsHPT&itemid=WEED07%20Feb%202007%2011%3A20%3A56%3A610
Brummie Vasectomy
Brummie Vasectomy
After having their 11th child, a Birmingham couple decided that was
enough, as the social wouldn't buy them a bigger bed and they
weren't strong enough to nick one. The husband went to his doctor
and told him that he and his wife didn't want to have any more children.
The doctor told him there was a procedure called a vasectomy that
would fix the problem but it was expensive. A less costly alternative
was to go home, get a firework, light it, put it in a beer can, then
hold the can up to his ear and count to 10.
The Brummer said to the doctor, 'I may not be the smartest guy in the world, but I don't see how putting a firework in a beer can next to my ear is going to help me.'
'Trust me, it will do the job', said the doctor.
So the man went home, lit a banger and put it in a beer can.
He held the can up to his ear and began to count:
'1, 2, 3, 4, 5,' at which point he paused, and placed the beer can between his legs so he could continue counting on his other hand.
This procedure also works in Middlesborough, parts of Bradford,
Huddersfield and anywhere in Wales!
After having their 11th child, a Birmingham couple decided that was
enough, as the social wouldn't buy them a bigger bed and they
weren't strong enough to nick one. The husband went to his doctor
and told him that he and his wife didn't want to have any more children.
The doctor told him there was a procedure called a vasectomy that
would fix the problem but it was expensive. A less costly alternative
was to go home, get a firework, light it, put it in a beer can, then
hold the can up to his ear and count to 10.
The Brummer said to the doctor, 'I may not be the smartest guy in the world, but I don't see how putting a firework in a beer can next to my ear is going to help me.'
'Trust me, it will do the job', said the doctor.
So the man went home, lit a banger and put it in a beer can.
He held the can up to his ear and began to count:
'1, 2, 3, 4, 5,' at which point he paused, and placed the beer can between his legs so he could continue counting on his other hand.
This procedure also works in Middlesborough, parts of Bradford,
Huddersfield and anywhere in Wales!
Fiddaman stalking on uk.current-events.n-ireland
http://groups.google.co.uk/groups/profile?hl=en&show=more&enc_user=C385HRsAAAAz7Jjqc3ROpinejvnO_zeUzQTBJ4KpZuchgRTLXUSRQg&group=uk.current-events.n-ireland
Fiddaman stalking on UK.rec.sailing
http://groups.google.co.uk/groups/profile?hl=en&show=more&enc_user=C385HRsAAAAz7Jjqc3ROpinejvnO_zeUzQTBJ4KpZuchgRTLXUSRQg&group=uk.rec.sailing
Mark Harvey's client Bob Fiddaman the obsessive stalker !!
NI Buy & Sell /....................stalking J Bryce
http://groups.google.co.UK/group/NI.buy-and-sell/browse_thread/thread/d9bb2dd3e0309ba0?hl=en#
Dear Group,
Firstly, forgive me for the intrusion and for being of topic.
Research has led me to NI.buy-and-sell and various other newsgroups with
Regard to someone who used to post in here [and possibly still does]
Reading through the Usenet archives it seems this individual upset quite a
Few people in here many years ago.
Obviously I don't want to create a large thread on this topic and would
Prefer that any correspondence be mailed to me direct.
Do you, or have you had any 'flame wars' or correspondence with any of the
Following: [ They are all the same user]
These identities all go back to the same person. Originally from Strangford
In Northern Ireland.
Can you ever remember getting into any sort of disagreement with any of the
Above aliases?
If you have any information please contact me on my email address.
Thanks in advance
Bob
http://groups.google.co.UK/group/NI.buy-and-sell/browse_thread/thread/d9bb2dd3e0309ba0?hl=en#
Dear Group,
Firstly, forgive me for the intrusion and for being of topic.
Research has led me to NI.buy-and-sell and various other newsgroups with
Regard to someone who used to post in here [and possibly still does]
Reading through the Usenet archives it seems this individual upset quite a
Few people in here many years ago.
Obviously I don't want to create a large thread on this topic and would
Prefer that any correspondence be mailed to me direct.
Do you, or have you had any 'flame wars' or correspondence with any of the
Following: [ They are all the same user]
These identities all go back to the same person. Originally from Strangford
In Northern Ireland.
Can you ever remember getting into any sort of disagreement with any of the
Above aliases?
If you have any information please contact me on my email address.
Thanks in advance
Bob
Mark Harvey's client Bob Fiddaman becomes an obsessive stalker
http://groups.google.co.uk/group/alt.graphics.photoshop/browse_thread/thread/564a39ae7f46e7f5/bc8272f0e3c2f280?hl=en&q=
Dear Group,
Firstly, forgive me for the intrusion and for being of topic.
Research has led me to alt.graphics.photoshop and various other newsgroups
with regard to someone who used to post in here [and possibly still does]
Reading through the Usenet archives it seems this individual upset quite a
few people in here many years ago.
Obviously I don't want to create a large thread on this topic and would
prefer that any correspondence be mailed to me direct.
Do you, or have you had any 'flame wars' or correspondence with any of the
following: [ They are all the same user
These identities all go back to the same person. Originally from Strangford
in Northern Ireland.
Can you ever remember getting into any sort of disagreement with any of the
above aliases?
If you have any information please contact me on my email address.
Thanks in advance
Bob
Dear Group,
Firstly, forgive me for the intrusion and for being of topic.
Research has led me to alt.graphics.photoshop and various other newsgroups
with regard to someone who used to post in here [and possibly still does]
Reading through the Usenet archives it seems this individual upset quite a
few people in here many years ago.
Obviously I don't want to create a large thread on this topic and would
prefer that any correspondence be mailed to me direct.
Do you, or have you had any 'flame wars' or correspondence with any of the
following: [ They are all the same user
These identities all go back to the same person. Originally from Strangford
in Northern Ireland.
Can you ever remember getting into any sort of disagreement with any of the
above aliases?
If you have any information please contact me on my email address.
Thanks in advance
Bob
Thursday, 2 April 2009
"BMC" & "SmithGlaxoKlien" - poor old Fiddaman not quite fully up to speed on his scam !
Seroxat (Paroxetine) - uk.gov.social-security Google Groups: "fiddaman View profile Translated (View Original)
More options Aug 14 2002, 4:43 pm
Newsgroups: uk.gov.social-securityFrom: 'fiddaman' Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 16:40:23 +0100Local: Wed, Aug 14 2002 4:40 pm Subject: Seroxat (Paroxetine)Reply to author Forward Print Individual message Show original Report this message Find messages by this author
Folks with severe withdrawal symptons using the anti - depressant drug
Seroxat (Paroxetine).
The BMC are failing to recognise that he anti - depressant Seroxat is
addictive despite countless pleas from users that it is.
The BMC is made up of supposedly independant people - Ironic that nearly 3/4
of them have share in the Company, SmithGlaxoKlien - The Company that makes
Seroxat.
Bob
Birmingham
http://www.ds010a5436.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/
---
Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free.
BOB 'THE CHAINSAW' FIDDAMAN
Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com).
Version: 6.0.375 / Virus Database: 210 - Release Date: 10/07/2002"
More options Aug 14 2002, 4:43 pm
Newsgroups: uk.gov.social-securityFrom: 'fiddaman' Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 16:40:23 +0100Local: Wed, Aug 14 2002 4:40 pm Subject: Seroxat (Paroxetine)Reply to author Forward Print Individual message Show original Report this message Find messages by this author
Folks with severe withdrawal symptons using the anti - depressant drug
Seroxat (Paroxetine).
The BMC are failing to recognise that he anti - depressant Seroxat is
addictive despite countless pleas from users that it is.
The BMC is made up of supposedly independant people - Ironic that nearly 3/4
of them have share in the Company, SmithGlaxoKlien - The Company that makes
Seroxat.
Bob
Birmingham
http://www.ds010a5436.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/
---
Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free.
BOB 'THE CHAINSAW' FIDDAMAN
Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com).
Version: 6.0.375 / Virus Database: 210 - Release Date: 10/07/2002"
Wednesday, 1 April 2009
David Healy - regularly dispenses modern psychopharmacology – antipsychotics and antidepressants – in his clinical practice

and he regularly dispenses the miracles of modern psychopharmacology – antipsychotics and antidepressants – in his clinical practice, albeit not so cavalierly and freely as many of his fellow professionals
http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article6013955.ece
http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article6013955.ece
David Healy is - "an enthusiastic proponent of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT),"

He is an enthusiastic proponent of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT),
http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article6013955.ece
http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article6013955.ece
David Healy believes "madness is a form of brain disease"

in company with most of his professional brethren, he asserts that madness is a form of brain disease (though he is more circumspect than some about the nature of that disease).
http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article6013955.ece
http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article6013955.ece
The madness of Big Pharma
The madness of Big Pharma
http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article6013955.ece
The new enfant terrible of psychiatry and the pharmaceutical companies' abuse of clinical trials
Andrew Scull
div#related-article-links p a, div#related-article-links p a:visited {
color:#06c;
}
David Healy is the new enfant terrible of psychiatry. Unlike the previous occupant of the role, Thomas Szasz, he has not declared mental illness a myth and attacked psychiatry as a sham and a confidence trick. On the contrary, in company with most of his professional brethren, he asserts that madness is a form of brain disease (though he is more circumspect than some about the nature of that disease). Nor does he reject the primary treatment modalities of modern psychiatry. He has held prominent positions among those promoting and practising cognitive-behavioural therapy, the pragmatic, results-oriented psychotherapy that has largely supplanted the so-called depth psychologies of a now vanished Freudian era. He is an enthusiastic proponent of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and he regularly dispenses the miracles of modern psychopharmacology – antipsychotics and antidepressants – in his clinical practice, albeit not so cavalierly and freely as many of his fellow professionals.
Yet he has vaulted to prominence as a fierce critic of standard professional practice; of the role of Big Pharma – the collective name for large pharmaceutical companies – in reconstituting the very terms in which we as a culture understand and respond to mental illness; and of the biobabble that these days has replaced psychobabble as the verbal camouflage for our ignorance about the aetiology of mental illness. Along the way, he has exposed the extraordinary venality of many leading academic psychiatrists; the widespread ghostwriting of what purport to be cutting-edge publications in major journals (apparently produced by eminent scientists but actually concocted by public relations flacks for the pharmaceutical houses); the routine suppression or gross misinterpretation of data on the effects of psychoactive drugs along lines which maximize the profits of the huge multinationals (who thereby extract obscene sums from the sufferings of the mentally ill); the heightened risk of suicide and other untoward events that, perversely, may accompany the ingestion of antidepressants; and the fraudulent “science” on which many contemporary understandings of mental disorder rest. Small wonder that for many Healy has become a professional pariah, and that he plausibly reports being hounded, menaced and attacked by the enormously powerful corporations whose profits he threatens.
Much of Healy’s critique has emerged in a series of books on the history of psychopharmacology, a discipline and an approach to treating mental illness that emerged on the scene only a little more than a half century ago with the introduction of the first “major tranquillizer”, Thorazine. Mania constitutes the latest salvo in his continuing assault on professional sacred cows, and appears as a contribution to a new Johns Hopkins series of biographies of individual diseases. The title of the book is somewhat misleading. Mania was one of the standard varieties of mental disturbance, already recognized by the ancient Greeks. But while the book’s early chapters provide a quick (and not always accurate) survey of developments through the late nineteenth century, Healy’s primary interest and contribution lie elsewhere. His central subject is the emergence over the past century and a little more of the entity we have learnt to call manic-depressive psychosis, or bipolar disorder, a disease (if such it be) that afflicts a large and growing segment of the population from the smallest children to the ranks of the now ageing baby boomers.
Healy contends that “modern authorities on manic-depressive disorder make a gross error when they try to effect a link between modern presentations of a disease they call bipolar disorder and ancient precedents”. On the contrary, “few if any” mental patients in the Western world were held to be suffering from manic-depressive disease before 1920, and in the United States, the epidemic did not begin to emerge until as late as the 1960s, when drug companies began to market the disease. Even more significant, in Healy’s view, was the advent of new imaging technologies from the late 80s onwards (CT scans, MRIs and PET scans), which produced the first images of the brain, first in black and white, and then in “living” (or rather simulated) colour – not, he hastens to add, because these images uncovered the roots of madness, as claims to link dopamine deficiency and schizophrenia, or serotonin and depression, have been thoroughly discredited; but because they were so useful as marketing copy, for selling the public on the notion that mental illness was the product of faulty brain biochemistry.
As Healy duly recognizes, the term “manic depressive psychosis” had been constructed by the late nineteenth-century German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin. But it existed “more as a foil to dementia praecox [schizophrenia, as it would shortly come to be called] than as a condition developed in its own right”. Dementia praecox (early dementia) was a disease that by definition had an implacable downward course, clinically and cognitively, so a different label was needed for patients who managed to get better. But while the diagnosis of dementia praecox was enthusiastically embraced internationally, its counterpart was largely ignored. If that situation has changed drastically over the past half-century – and most emphatically it has – for Healy that transformation can only be understood in terms of a larger transformation, not just of psychiatry, but of modern medicine more generally.
It was from the 1930s and 40s, on his account, that the change agent emerged, producing shifts in the cognitive, organizational and therapeutic dimensions of modern medicine that have only intensified down to the present – changes that mark a revolution at least as profound as the advent of germ theory in the late nineteenth century. It was the discovery of the sulphonamides, and then of penicillin and other antibiotics, mass produced by chemical companies that then set up pharmaceutical subsidiaries, that ushered in a brave new world of commercialized therapeutics, one increasingly dominated and controlled by a multinational industry now made up of “the most profitable corporations on the planet”. And among the largest and most profitable territories farmed by Big Pharma has been the treatment of an ever-expanding array of mental disorders, and creation of an ever-larger population of mental patients taking their magic potions.
The first chemical weapon to be tried for the treatment of mania in the modern era was in many ways an exception to this pattern, for it used an existing salt that no one could patent or use to make obscene profits. An Australian psychiatrist, John Cade, claimed in 1949 that lithium carbonate had a specific anti-manic action. It was an assertion that was largely ignored, until it was taken up by a Danish psychiatrist, Mogens Schou, nearly two decades later. Healy provides an entertaining and sobering account of the vicious disputes that then emerged between Schou and Michael Shepherd at the Institute of Psychiatry in London, centring on Shepherd’s contention that the enthusiasm for lithium was a therapeutic bubble, the product of poorly designed clinical trials. Controlled studies, he insisted, would soon puncture the bubble.
For Shepherd, the Randomized Controlled Trial, or RCT, was a method par excellence for curbing therapeutic enthusiasms (the sorts of enthusiasms that had earlier led psychiatrists to pursue surgical evisceration, frontal lobotomies and insulin comas as cures for psychosis). And so we have all been brought up to believe. Healy will have none of it. The “lithium wars”, as he calls them, accomplished one very important change: the rise of the concept of “mood stabilization” and its link to the notion of securing this altered state by chemical means. As the tide of enthusiasm for lithium receded – the original American lithium clinic, at Columbia University, closed its doors in 1995 – a host of designer chemicals from the drug companies began to flood the marketplace. Mood disorders had become highly profitable. These drugs all had “evidence-based medicine” behind them, an array of RCTs that purported to show their significant effects in bringing disturbances of affect under medical control.
Statistical significance has a very different meaning from clinical significance, of course, though it is a distinction the marketing departments do their best to obscure. Besides, Healy argues, by far the largest source of improvement in the clinical trials of these drugs is attributable to the placebo effect, the drugs themselves contributing but small marginal increments to this effect, and at the cost of major side effects. In fact, “in any sample of ten patients, with drugs like the mood stabilizers, the clinical trial data suggest one responds to the drug while nine do not”.
Yet even were one to accept this sobering line of argument, one would have missed a still larger set of problems associated with chemical “cures”. For Healy goes on to describe how Big Pharma has captured almost total control over the research process, to say nothing of buying up academic experts and turning them into marketing shills. It is drug companies that assemble, pay for and manage large-scale clinical trials. They own the data, and they use and manipulate them for their own purposes, suppressing damaging information wholesale, massaging outcomes and manufacturing new “diseases” whose primary function is to serve as marketing vehicles for new varieties of psychotropic pills. With an ever-expanding array of problems being medicalized and added to psychiatry’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, “diseases have all but become commodities and are as subject to fashions as other commodities, with the main determinant of the fashion cycle being the patent life of a drug”. Big Pharma controls the trials, and controls the reporting of the trial results. In consequence, instead of serving as a check on therapeutic enthusiasms, “RCTs have become the primary marketing tools of pharmaceutical companies. They are the fuel that powers bandwagons, helped by the fact that company trials in which the drug fails to beat the placebo commonly do not see the light of day”.
Except when there are lawsuits. Class action lawsuits in the United States, with their elaborate pre-trial discovery process, have done something to bring unsavoury drug company practices into the light of day, and to bring forth some of the suppressed data. Increased risk of suicide, of diabetes and other metabolic disorders, of massive weight gain, of the reduction of life expectancy, and the existence of an array of trials where drugs had no discernible therapeutic effect – these are just some of the findings belatedly beginning to surface. And then there is the buying up of academic talent – payments in the hundreds of thousands of dollars, even the millions, to “opinion leaders” to promote off-label uses of a whole spectrum of pills – consultation fees, free trips to desirable locales, to say nothing of the increased flow of research dollars to particular laboratories that reliably report the findings their commercial masters are seeking. Futilely, universities and academic journals have put in place requirements that researchers disclose the financial interests that might contaminate their findings, only to find such rules flouted, with minimal consequences for the offenders.
What particularly arouses Healy’s ire is the manufacture of bipolar disorder among infants. Cocktails of drugs are given to children as young as one or two. Diagnostic criteria are relaxed to allow more and more children into the mix. Foundations are established for parents of such children to assemble and lobby on behalf of fixing the alleged biochemical imbalances that produce their children’s misbehaviour. Stories of epidemics of teenage depression are planted in the mass media. Rating scales are manipulated, and used to demonstrate that the pills have behavioural effects – something it is difficult not to demonstrate. Meantime, the sequestering of data allows a situation where the published scientific literature is all too often at odds with what the scientific data themselves would show, were they actually allowed into the public arena.
Mania ends with a series of pessimistic pronouncements. In studies of psychotropic drugs, “the publicly available data are close to worthless”. We do know, however, that “the quality of life of patients in whom treatment is deferred or not instituted is better than those treated immediately”; and that, “uniquely among major illnesses in the Western world, the life expectancy for patients with serious mental illness has declined”. Big Pharma “increasingly appears to jeopardize the health and well-being of our friends, relatives, and children” in its manic pursuit of profit (a phenomenon that afflicts – as Healy rightly notes – all of medicine, not just the benighted psychiatric borderlands). And it observes no ethical limits, ruthlessly extending its grasp to include the youngest and most vulnerable, even though “giving major tranquilizers to children is little different from giving children cancer chemotherapy when they have a cold”. David Healy is indeed an enfant terrible – and a very brave man. Either way, he can expect a lot of hate mail. I doubt he is on Eli Lilly’s or Pfizer’s Christmas card list.
David HealyMANIAA short history of bipolar disorder320pp. Johns Hopkins University Press. $24.95; distributed in the UK by Wiley. £16.50.978 0 8018 8822 9
Andrew Scull’s new book, Hysteria: The biography is due to appear in the autumn. He has written widely on the history of Anglo-American psychiatry.
http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article6013955.ece
The new enfant terrible of psychiatry and the pharmaceutical companies' abuse of clinical trials
Andrew Scull
div#related-article-links p a, div#related-article-links p a:visited {
color:#06c;
}
David Healy is the new enfant terrible of psychiatry. Unlike the previous occupant of the role, Thomas Szasz, he has not declared mental illness a myth and attacked psychiatry as a sham and a confidence trick. On the contrary, in company with most of his professional brethren, he asserts that madness is a form of brain disease (though he is more circumspect than some about the nature of that disease). Nor does he reject the primary treatment modalities of modern psychiatry. He has held prominent positions among those promoting and practising cognitive-behavioural therapy, the pragmatic, results-oriented psychotherapy that has largely supplanted the so-called depth psychologies of a now vanished Freudian era. He is an enthusiastic proponent of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and he regularly dispenses the miracles of modern psychopharmacology – antipsychotics and antidepressants – in his clinical practice, albeit not so cavalierly and freely as many of his fellow professionals.
Yet he has vaulted to prominence as a fierce critic of standard professional practice; of the role of Big Pharma – the collective name for large pharmaceutical companies – in reconstituting the very terms in which we as a culture understand and respond to mental illness; and of the biobabble that these days has replaced psychobabble as the verbal camouflage for our ignorance about the aetiology of mental illness. Along the way, he has exposed the extraordinary venality of many leading academic psychiatrists; the widespread ghostwriting of what purport to be cutting-edge publications in major journals (apparently produced by eminent scientists but actually concocted by public relations flacks for the pharmaceutical houses); the routine suppression or gross misinterpretation of data on the effects of psychoactive drugs along lines which maximize the profits of the huge multinationals (who thereby extract obscene sums from the sufferings of the mentally ill); the heightened risk of suicide and other untoward events that, perversely, may accompany the ingestion of antidepressants; and the fraudulent “science” on which many contemporary understandings of mental disorder rest. Small wonder that for many Healy has become a professional pariah, and that he plausibly reports being hounded, menaced and attacked by the enormously powerful corporations whose profits he threatens.
Much of Healy’s critique has emerged in a series of books on the history of psychopharmacology, a discipline and an approach to treating mental illness that emerged on the scene only a little more than a half century ago with the introduction of the first “major tranquillizer”, Thorazine. Mania constitutes the latest salvo in his continuing assault on professional sacred cows, and appears as a contribution to a new Johns Hopkins series of biographies of individual diseases. The title of the book is somewhat misleading. Mania was one of the standard varieties of mental disturbance, already recognized by the ancient Greeks. But while the book’s early chapters provide a quick (and not always accurate) survey of developments through the late nineteenth century, Healy’s primary interest and contribution lie elsewhere. His central subject is the emergence over the past century and a little more of the entity we have learnt to call manic-depressive psychosis, or bipolar disorder, a disease (if such it be) that afflicts a large and growing segment of the population from the smallest children to the ranks of the now ageing baby boomers.
Healy contends that “modern authorities on manic-depressive disorder make a gross error when they try to effect a link between modern presentations of a disease they call bipolar disorder and ancient precedents”. On the contrary, “few if any” mental patients in the Western world were held to be suffering from manic-depressive disease before 1920, and in the United States, the epidemic did not begin to emerge until as late as the 1960s, when drug companies began to market the disease. Even more significant, in Healy’s view, was the advent of new imaging technologies from the late 80s onwards (CT scans, MRIs and PET scans), which produced the first images of the brain, first in black and white, and then in “living” (or rather simulated) colour – not, he hastens to add, because these images uncovered the roots of madness, as claims to link dopamine deficiency and schizophrenia, or serotonin and depression, have been thoroughly discredited; but because they were so useful as marketing copy, for selling the public on the notion that mental illness was the product of faulty brain biochemistry.
As Healy duly recognizes, the term “manic depressive psychosis” had been constructed by the late nineteenth-century German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin. But it existed “more as a foil to dementia praecox [schizophrenia, as it would shortly come to be called] than as a condition developed in its own right”. Dementia praecox (early dementia) was a disease that by definition had an implacable downward course, clinically and cognitively, so a different label was needed for patients who managed to get better. But while the diagnosis of dementia praecox was enthusiastically embraced internationally, its counterpart was largely ignored. If that situation has changed drastically over the past half-century – and most emphatically it has – for Healy that transformation can only be understood in terms of a larger transformation, not just of psychiatry, but of modern medicine more generally.
It was from the 1930s and 40s, on his account, that the change agent emerged, producing shifts in the cognitive, organizational and therapeutic dimensions of modern medicine that have only intensified down to the present – changes that mark a revolution at least as profound as the advent of germ theory in the late nineteenth century. It was the discovery of the sulphonamides, and then of penicillin and other antibiotics, mass produced by chemical companies that then set up pharmaceutical subsidiaries, that ushered in a brave new world of commercialized therapeutics, one increasingly dominated and controlled by a multinational industry now made up of “the most profitable corporations on the planet”. And among the largest and most profitable territories farmed by Big Pharma has been the treatment of an ever-expanding array of mental disorders, and creation of an ever-larger population of mental patients taking their magic potions.
The first chemical weapon to be tried for the treatment of mania in the modern era was in many ways an exception to this pattern, for it used an existing salt that no one could patent or use to make obscene profits. An Australian psychiatrist, John Cade, claimed in 1949 that lithium carbonate had a specific anti-manic action. It was an assertion that was largely ignored, until it was taken up by a Danish psychiatrist, Mogens Schou, nearly two decades later. Healy provides an entertaining and sobering account of the vicious disputes that then emerged between Schou and Michael Shepherd at the Institute of Psychiatry in London, centring on Shepherd’s contention that the enthusiasm for lithium was a therapeutic bubble, the product of poorly designed clinical trials. Controlled studies, he insisted, would soon puncture the bubble.
For Shepherd, the Randomized Controlled Trial, or RCT, was a method par excellence for curbing therapeutic enthusiasms (the sorts of enthusiasms that had earlier led psychiatrists to pursue surgical evisceration, frontal lobotomies and insulin comas as cures for psychosis). And so we have all been brought up to believe. Healy will have none of it. The “lithium wars”, as he calls them, accomplished one very important change: the rise of the concept of “mood stabilization” and its link to the notion of securing this altered state by chemical means. As the tide of enthusiasm for lithium receded – the original American lithium clinic, at Columbia University, closed its doors in 1995 – a host of designer chemicals from the drug companies began to flood the marketplace. Mood disorders had become highly profitable. These drugs all had “evidence-based medicine” behind them, an array of RCTs that purported to show their significant effects in bringing disturbances of affect under medical control.
Statistical significance has a very different meaning from clinical significance, of course, though it is a distinction the marketing departments do their best to obscure. Besides, Healy argues, by far the largest source of improvement in the clinical trials of these drugs is attributable to the placebo effect, the drugs themselves contributing but small marginal increments to this effect, and at the cost of major side effects. In fact, “in any sample of ten patients, with drugs like the mood stabilizers, the clinical trial data suggest one responds to the drug while nine do not”.
Yet even were one to accept this sobering line of argument, one would have missed a still larger set of problems associated with chemical “cures”. For Healy goes on to describe how Big Pharma has captured almost total control over the research process, to say nothing of buying up academic experts and turning them into marketing shills. It is drug companies that assemble, pay for and manage large-scale clinical trials. They own the data, and they use and manipulate them for their own purposes, suppressing damaging information wholesale, massaging outcomes and manufacturing new “diseases” whose primary function is to serve as marketing vehicles for new varieties of psychotropic pills. With an ever-expanding array of problems being medicalized and added to psychiatry’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, “diseases have all but become commodities and are as subject to fashions as other commodities, with the main determinant of the fashion cycle being the patent life of a drug”. Big Pharma controls the trials, and controls the reporting of the trial results. In consequence, instead of serving as a check on therapeutic enthusiasms, “RCTs have become the primary marketing tools of pharmaceutical companies. They are the fuel that powers bandwagons, helped by the fact that company trials in which the drug fails to beat the placebo commonly do not see the light of day”.
Except when there are lawsuits. Class action lawsuits in the United States, with their elaborate pre-trial discovery process, have done something to bring unsavoury drug company practices into the light of day, and to bring forth some of the suppressed data. Increased risk of suicide, of diabetes and other metabolic disorders, of massive weight gain, of the reduction of life expectancy, and the existence of an array of trials where drugs had no discernible therapeutic effect – these are just some of the findings belatedly beginning to surface. And then there is the buying up of academic talent – payments in the hundreds of thousands of dollars, even the millions, to “opinion leaders” to promote off-label uses of a whole spectrum of pills – consultation fees, free trips to desirable locales, to say nothing of the increased flow of research dollars to particular laboratories that reliably report the findings their commercial masters are seeking. Futilely, universities and academic journals have put in place requirements that researchers disclose the financial interests that might contaminate their findings, only to find such rules flouted, with minimal consequences for the offenders.
What particularly arouses Healy’s ire is the manufacture of bipolar disorder among infants. Cocktails of drugs are given to children as young as one or two. Diagnostic criteria are relaxed to allow more and more children into the mix. Foundations are established for parents of such children to assemble and lobby on behalf of fixing the alleged biochemical imbalances that produce their children’s misbehaviour. Stories of epidemics of teenage depression are planted in the mass media. Rating scales are manipulated, and used to demonstrate that the pills have behavioural effects – something it is difficult not to demonstrate. Meantime, the sequestering of data allows a situation where the published scientific literature is all too often at odds with what the scientific data themselves would show, were they actually allowed into the public arena.
Mania ends with a series of pessimistic pronouncements. In studies of psychotropic drugs, “the publicly available data are close to worthless”. We do know, however, that “the quality of life of patients in whom treatment is deferred or not instituted is better than those treated immediately”; and that, “uniquely among major illnesses in the Western world, the life expectancy for patients with serious mental illness has declined”. Big Pharma “increasingly appears to jeopardize the health and well-being of our friends, relatives, and children” in its manic pursuit of profit (a phenomenon that afflicts – as Healy rightly notes – all of medicine, not just the benighted psychiatric borderlands). And it observes no ethical limits, ruthlessly extending its grasp to include the youngest and most vulnerable, even though “giving major tranquilizers to children is little different from giving children cancer chemotherapy when they have a cold”. David Healy is indeed an enfant terrible – and a very brave man. Either way, he can expect a lot of hate mail. I doubt he is on Eli Lilly’s or Pfizer’s Christmas card list.
David HealyMANIAA short history of bipolar disorder320pp. Johns Hopkins University Press. $24.95; distributed in the UK by Wiley. £16.50.978 0 8018 8822 9
Andrew Scull’s new book, Hysteria: The biography is due to appear in the autumn. He has written widely on the history of Anglo-American psychiatry.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
