Variation in the Risk of Suicide Attempts and Completed Suicides by Antidepressant Agent in Adults: A Propensity Score-Adjusted Analysis of 9 Years' Data, May 2010, Schneeweiss et al. 67 (5): 497

Arch Gen Psychiatry -- Abstract: Variation in the Risk of Suicide Attempts and Completed Suicides by Antidepressant Agent in Adults: A Propensity Score-Adjusted Analysis of 9 Years' Data, May 2010, Schneeweiss et al. 67 (5): 497: "Suicide Attempts and Completed Suicides by Antidepressant Agent in Adults"



Variation in the Risk of Suicide Attempts and Completed Suicides by Antidepressant Agent in Adults


A Propensity Score–Adjusted Analysis of 9 Years' Data



Sebastian Schneeweiss, MD, ScD; Amanda R. Patrick, MS; Daniel H. Solomon, MD, MPH; Jyotsna Mehta, MS; Colin Dormuth, MA, MS, ScD; Matthew Miller, MD, ScD; Jennifer C. Lee, BS; Philip S. Wang, MD, DrPH





Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67(5):497-506.



Context A US Food and Drug Administration advisory has warned that antidepressants may be associated with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescents. This prompted a meta-analysis of trials in adults that found no overall increase in risk, but individual agents could not be studied.



Objective To assess the risk of suicide and suicide attempts associated with individual antidepressant agents.



Design Cohort study of incident users of antidepressant agents.



Setting Population-based health care utilization data of all residents of British Columbia, Canada, aged 18 years and older between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2005.



Patients British Columbia residents who had antidepressant therapy initiated and had a recorded diagnosis of depression.



Intervention Initiation of various antidepressant medications.



Main Outcome Measures Combined suicide death or hospitalization due to self-harm.



Results In a population of 287 543 adults aged 18 years and older with antidepressant therapy initiated, we observed outcome rates ranging from 4.41/1000 person-years to 9.09/1000 person-years. Most events occurred in the first 6 months after treatment initiation. After extensive propensity score adjustment, we found no clinically meaningful variation in the risk of suicide and suicide attempt between antidepressant agents compared with fluoxetine hydrochloride initiation: citalopram hydrobromide, hazard ratio = 1.00 (95% confidence interval, 0.63-1.57); fluvoxamine maleate, hazard ratio = 0.98 (95% confidence interval, 0.63-1.51); paroxetine hydrochloride, hazard ratio = 1.02 (95% confidence interval, 0.77-1.35); and sertraline hydrochloride, hazard ratio = 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.53-1.05). Compared with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors as a drug class, other classes including serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic agents, and other newer and atypical agents had a similar risk. Restriction to patients with no antidepressant use in the past 3 years further reduced apparent differences between groups.



Conclusions Our finding of equal event rates across antidepressant agents supports the US Food and Drug Administration's decision to treat all antidepressants alike in their advisory. Treatment decisions should be based on efficacy, and clinicians should be vigilant in monitoring after initiating therapy with any antidepressant agent.





Author Affiliations: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (Drs Schneeweiss, Solomon, and Wang and Mss Patrick, Mehta, and Lee) and Harvard Injury Control Research Center, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health (Dr Miller), Boston, Massachusetts; Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesia, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Dr Dormuth); and National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Miller).